Explain the reduction of Nitrobenzene in alkaline medium Nitro benzene on reduction forms the . Solve any question of Amines with:- . this appears to be a typical catalytic metal reduction, using Zn as the catalytic surface and ammonium formate or ammonium chloride as the hydrogen source. absorptions 3300 to 3500 cm 1 Amine absorption bands are sharper and less intense than hydroxyl bands Protonated amines show an ammonium band in the range 2200 to 3000 cm 1 45 Examples of Infrared Spectra . Nitrobenzene is subjected to reduction with zinc dust and ammonium chloride. Water is the proton source. Electrolyte C Electrolyte D % % zinc chloride 10 51 ammonium chloride 22 2.5 ethoxylated rosin amine 1 .5 water 67 46 The test was conducted by using various plating current densities ranging from 10 to 100 milliamperes per square inch and observing the formation of zinc dendrites and the nature of the zinc plating. 50+ Amines Questions - Nitrogen containing Compounds ... 12 While our samarium-induced reduction of aromatic nitro compounds works well in the polycarbocyclic series, similar reaction with . Nitro compounds are typically reduced to oximes using metal salts, such as stannous chloride or chromium(II) chloride. They may be prepared by the reduction of nitro compounds in alkaline solution (using zinc dust and alkali, or a solution of an alkaline stannite as a reducing agent); by oxidation of hydrazo compounds; or by the coupling of a diazotized amine and any compound . The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). REDUCTION OF AZIDES TO AMINES OR AMIDES WITH ZINC AND AMMONIUM CHLORIDE AS REDUCING AGENT @article{Lin2002REDUCTIONOA, title={REDUCTION OF AZIDES TO AMINES OR AMIDES WITH ZINC AND AMMONIUM CHLORIDE AS REDUCING AGENT}, author={Wenqing Lin and Xiaomei Zhang and Ze-Zhen He and Yi Jin and Liu-Zhu Gong and Aiqiao Mi}, journal={Synthetic Communications . Reduction of nitro group in the presence of a nitrile ... (A) The zinc ammonium chloride reagents are capable to reduce a wide range of functional groups as summarized in the Scheme. Many common reagents for this purpose have been developed 5a,5b but some of them suffer from poor selectivity 4 or using some environmentally unfriendly chemicals. Use NaBH4 with catalytic amount of NiCl2. 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Azo Compounds - Wikisource ... Useful chemoselectivity was observed in the reduction reaction. View solution > Nitroethane on reduction with zinc dust and ammonium chloride gives: Medium. reduction of nitro group with iron powder and ammonium chloride in biphasic medium. Facile synthesis of biologically active heterocycles by ... With Zinc and Aqueous Ammonium Chloride. Use amine in a sentence | The best 40 amine sentence examples NaSH, Na 2 S 2, (NH 4) 2 S. Metal Hydrides Rapid catalytic transfer reduction of aromatic nitro ... Generally, ammonium chloride. The conversion of mdinitrobenzene into mnitroaniline class ... This procedure is also a new method for the activation of zinc for electron transfer reduction of aromatic nitro compounds. The donor ether acts as a ligand and also serves as a co-solvent. The problem is made much worse because the tin ions formed go on to react with chloride ions from the hydrochloric acid to form complex ions such as [SnCl 6] 2-. 50%), together with variable amounts of secondary amines. For example, one could use: Lithium aluminium hydride. They may also be prepared by the reduction of primary nitro compounds with stannous chloride and concentrated hydrochloric acid; by the reduction of unsaturated nitro compounds with minium amalgam or zinc dust in the presence of dilute acetic acid' Bouveault, Comptes rendus, 1902, 134, p. 1145):R2C:[[Chno 2 -R 2 C: Ch Nhoh - R 2 Ch Ch: Noh]], and by the action of alkyl iodides on the sodium . The nitro group in aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds, which also contain reducible substituents such as alkenes, nitriles, carboxylic acids, phenols, halogens, esters, etc., is selectively and rapidly reduced at room temperature to the corresponding amine in good yield by employing hydrazinium monoformate in the presence of magnesium powder. The loaded extractant is then stripped with aqueous stripping solution . 3 In absence of Recent progress of ammonium chloride as catalyst in organic synthesis Decreased reproductive performance in laboratory mice coincided with the introduction of a disinfectant containing both alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC) and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC). Ammonium chloride is a much weaker acid than . Treatment of nitroarenes with excess zinc metal results in the formation of N,N'-diarylhydrazine. In NH 4 Cl or aliphatic amines. The main product formed will be: A. Benzenamine B. Aniline C. N-Phenylhydroxylamine However, to date metal-mediated reductions in ionic liquids have received little attention. Primary aliphatic amines can be obtained by the reduction of nitriles using the following reagents : Lithium aluminium hydride in ethoxyethane,followed by H 3 O + Hydrogen in the presence of a platinum (Pt) catalyst at 140°C (catalytic hydrogenation) 2. Nitro Compounds organic compounds containing one or more nitro groups, —NO2, bound to carbon atoms. View solution > Ethylamine reacts with nitrosyl chloride (N O C l) to form : Easy. Reduction to Hydroxylamines . If you look up zinc ammonium formate on google scholar, you will find a lot of reductions of nitrogen in almost any oxidation state down to the amine. Stir the mixture vigorously, and add 59 g (0.83 mol) of zinc powder of 90 percent purity during . B. Alphabetize the groups. Answer (1 of 6): A simple reduction procedure involving zinc and ammonium chloride in aqueous medium has been employed for the reduction of nitrophenols to aminophenols. When the reduction is carried out in neutral solution, e.g., with zinc dust and ammonium chloride in aqueous or alcoholic solution, nitro compounds are converted into hydroxylamine derivatives. Preparation of Nitro Compounds - II. The zinc diammine chloride can be used as is or further converted to anhydrous zinc chloride and . Nitro compounds may be aliphatic (nitroparaffins and ni-troolefins . The method is inexpensive, relatively rapid, operationally simple and suitable for large-scale preparation. Procedure. 4. Electrolytic reduction of oximes to amines, in acid solution is also reported, 10 but this system offers very low yield. Zinc, 11 indium, 12 tin, 13 magnesium 14-18 have been used in the synthesis of many organic compounds. Nitroalkanes when reduced with zinc dust and ammonium chloride form hydroxyl amine R . On the other hand, in aniline or other aromatic amines, the non-bonding electron pair is delocalisecl into benzene ring by resonance. This method was extended to reductive cyclization and rearrangement toward the synthesis of various biologically active heterocycles, including quinoline . Reduction of nitrobenzene with the help of Zn is an electrolytic reaction done in the aqueous phase, where an electrolyte is required to serve as the promoter. Extensive use of QACs results in ubiquitous human exposure, yet reproductive toxicity has not been evaluated. Introduction There are various forms of reduction for the formation of amines from nitro compounds, including: (a) reduction with a metal in an acid medium [1]; (b) use of ammonium sulphides [2], and (c) hydrogenation of catalytic transfer, within which systems are known as: (1) NH4Cl/Zn in aqueous Proposed mechanism for the reduction of nitro compounds to amines is given below in Scheme 2. THF Complex. 1. Key word: Reduction of nitro compounds. the product obtained is Hard. It might be outdated or ideologically biased. Selective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds with stannous chloride in non acidic and non aqueous medium @article{Bellamy1984SelectiveRO, title={Selective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds with stannous chloride in non acidic and non aqueous medium}, author={F. Bellamy and K. Ou}, journal={Tetrahedron Letters}, year={1984}, volume . Catalytic reduction produces primary amine in acid solution, the yield with raney nickel catalyst is 90-100%. C. 8 sigma bonds, 3 pi bonds and 4 non-bonding electrons. gr. Reduction Of Azides To Amines Or Amides Ammonium chloride in combination with zinc was used to reduce alkyl . Aliphatic nitro compounds Reduction to hydrocarbons. N H 4 C l. is used as a promoter and the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 50℃- 65℃. KEYWORDS: Reduction, Biphasic, Phase transfer catalyst, Iron, Ammonium chloride. (A) The zinc ammonium chloride reagents are capable to reduce a wide range of functional groups as summarized in the Scheme. Nitro, nitroso, oxime, imine, etc. D. 8 sigma bonds and 5 pi bonds. REDUCTION OF AZIDES TO AMINES OR AMIDES WITH ZINC AND AMMONIUM CHLORIDE AS REDUCING AGENT @article{Lin2002REDUCTIONOA, title={REDUCTION OF AZIDES TO AMINES OR AMIDES WITH ZINC AND AMMONIUM CHLORIDE AS REDUCING AGENT}, author={Wenqing Lin and Xiaomei Zhang and Ze-Zhen He and Yi Jin and Liu-Zhu Gong and Aiqiao Mi}, journal={Synthetic Communications . Reduction of nitro compounds to hydroxylamines can be effected by a wide variety of non-catalytic methods.7 Although none of them seems general, perhaps the most widely applicable is that using zinc, ammonium chloride and an aqueous suspension or alcoholic solution of the nitro compound. No formation of tertiary amines or alcohols was observed. yielding diphenyls 5 in 48-67% yield (Scheme 2). Reduction Of Azides To Amines Or Amides Ammonium chloride in combination with zinc was used to reduce alkyl . The use of alkali cyanides should bee avoided in general and the reduction of phenylacetonitriles is not as well established in the Hive community as the reduction of phenylnitroalkanes. The submitters 11 have also described new methods for the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds and imines to aromatic amines by novel samarium-induced iodine catalyzed and ammonium chloride mediated reduction. INTRODUCTION Aryl amines are synthetically important compounds which act as precursors to the synthesis of a variety of chemicals such as . Question 16. Name amine salts as ammonium salts. Also, a fairly good system for reduction of nitro groups is 2M LiBH4 3 equivs in THF solution, with catalytic selenium (10 mol%). In NH 4 Cl or aliphatic amines. From Nitriles: Nitriles can be reduced with H and a catalyst (or LAH) to produce primary amines 3. Nitrobenzene on reduction in neutral medium, using zinc dust and ammonium chloride yields N-phenylhydroxylamine whereas its reduction in alkaline medium using zinc and sodium hydroxide yields azobenzene. Hence, when Nitrobenzene is subjected to reduction with Zn dust and ammonium chloride, the main product is Aniline. Indium/ammonium chloride-induced reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to aromatic amines in aqueous ethanol was developed. The lone pair on the nitrogen in the phenylamine picks up a hydrogen ion from the acid. chloride supported on natural phosphate [17], copper nanoparticles under ultrasound and microwave irradiation [18]. Nitrobenzene is subjected to reduction with zinc dust and ammonium chloride. You are almost bound to need the mechanism for the nitration reaction as well. In this communication, we report a rapid, selective and simple reduction of oximes to corresponding primary amines using low cost zinc dust and ammonium formate or ammonium chloride at reflux temperature as depicted in Scheme 1.Various other functionalities like halogens, -OH, -OCH 3, -COOH, -CN, >C=C and -CH 3 are tolerated. (A) The zinc ammonium chloride reagents are capable to reduce a wide range of functional groups as summarized in the Scheme. The nickel was easily prepared by electrolysis in 0.3 M Et4NBF4−DMF solution under an argon atmosphere at a constant current (10 mA/cm2) and . On the other hand, in aniline or other aromatic amines, the non-bonding electron pair is delocalisecl into benzene ring by resonance. the non-bonding electron pair of N is localized and is fully available for coordination with a proton. Reduction of nitro compounds to hydroxylamines can be effected by a wide variety of non-catalytic methods.7 Although none of them seems general, perhaps the most widely applicable is that using zinc, ammonium chloride and an aqueous suspension or alcoholic solution of the nitro compound. 3 min. If you aren't sure about electron-half-equations you could follow this link - but it really isn't important for UK A level purposes to worry too much about this in the present context. 9 sigma bonds, 3 pi bonds and 2 non-bonding electrons. The complete conversion requires at least 2-3 hours at reflux temperature. Step 1: Preparation of n-Phenyl hydroxyl amine from Nitrobenzene. the non-bonding electron pair of N is localized and is fully available for coordination with a proton. Nitroarenes can be reduced in high yields to the corresponding anilines by transfer hydrogenation using a stable H-donor, polymer-supported formate (PSF) in combination with palladium acetate (catalytic). DOI: 10.1081/SCC-120014032 Corpus ID: 55379077. From Nitro compounds: Easily reduced to primary amines, the most common reducing agents are ion, zinc, or diluted HCl. Reaction of Amines with Nitrous Acid. The procedure is chemoselective for nitro group; ester, ketone, aldehyde, and . This reaction is used as a test for nitro . Nltromethane on reduction with zinc dust and ammonium chloride solution In neutral medium converted Into IV-methylhydroxy amine. Some zinc and ammonium salts, except for ammonium nitrate, were effective for the reduction of nitrobenzene using zinc metal in water to give aniline 2 in high yield without any other coupling products such as azo- and hydrazo-benzenes (runs 1-9). With the Borane. Hydrodenitration (replacement of a nitro group with hydrogen) is difficult to achieve, but can be completed by catalytic hydrogenation over platinum on silica gel at high temperatures.. The complete conversion requires at least 2-3 hours at reflux temperature. VIEW MORE . Prepare an ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer solution (pH 10), by adding 142 mL concentrated ammonia solution (sp. To reduce NO2 to NH2 without affect any other group by the use of catalytic hydrogenation using PtO2 /H2 in acetic acid. When reduced with a neutral reducing agent like Zinc dust and aqueous Ammonium chloride, . iii) Reduction in neutral medium. The condensation of 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (1) with nitroethane and ammonium acetate in glacial acetic acid has been found to give three different products, depending on reactant ratio and reaction time.Using a ratio of 1:1.5:0.8 between the aldehyde, nitroethane, and ammonium acetate, a normal Knoevenagel condensation was observed yielding 70% of the expected 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl- 2 . Abstract. 0.88-0.90) to 17.5 g ammonium chloride and diluting to 250 mL with de-ionised Because it is unstable, it is prepared immediately before use in the following . Zinc dust and ammonium chloride convert nitro benzene to the corresponding hydroxylamine. Nitrous acid is a Brønsted acid of moderate strength (pK a = 3.3). Samarium diiodide. Aniline is weaker base than ammonium chloride. Thus, the option c.) with ammonium sulphide (${(N{H_4})_2}S$) is the correct answer. The exact mechanism for the formation of N-substituted . The reduction is . Zinc metal and aqueous NH . 6a,6b,6c,6d,6e,6f The use of zinc and ammonium chloride has been well established in organic synthesis for the reduction of nitro group 7, however, little attention has been focused . The zinc and ammonia values in solutions containing zinc chloride or zinc monoammine chloride and ammonium chloride can be recovered by adding ammonia to a pH of about 5.5 to about 8.5 and separating the precipitated zinc diammine chloride from the residual aqueous solution of ammonium chloride. The reduction of azides to amines is of considerable importace for the introduction of primary amino groups in organic synthesis because of the easy preparation of azide by regio- and stereocontrolled procedure. A mixture of various aromatic bromides, Pd/C, zinc, Ammonium chloride and water was stirred at room tempature for 24-72 hrs. Synthesis and Properties of Novel Fluorinated Polyamides Based on Noncoplanar Sulfoxide Containing Aromatic Bis(ether amine) 9 sigma bonds and 4 pi bonds. Synthesis of Amines Nitro compounds are reduced to primary amines with hydrogen with a catalyst (nickel, palladium, or platinum). Reduction to Amines . The secondary amines may be of two types-namely,the purely aromatic amines, and the mixed secondary amines, which contain an aromatic residue and an alkyl group. The zinc chloride is extracted onto an organic extractant known to the art such as tributyl phosphate, primary, secondary or tertiary amines, and quaternary amine salts. Aniline is weaker base than ammonium chloride. Reduction of aromatic nitro . Nitriles are reduced to primary amines with hydrogen and nickel. Is Zn nh4cl a reducing agent? Synthesis of primary and secondary nitro compounds which involves treating alkyl halides with sodium nitrite in dimethylformamide yields 5542% of pure nitro compounds are obtained. The main product formed will be: . The reactions occur at 100-120∘C in dimethyl-formamide and the PSF can be recycled for at least three runs. Our a convenient and practically simple procedure for zinc- investigations revealed that for [bmim][PF6], ammo- mediated chemoselective reduction of aromatic nitro nium chloride is the additive of choice while compounds to amines using ammonium salts in imida- [bmim][BF4] gave good results in the presence of zolium ionic liquids in 73-94% of . www.iosrjournals.org 96 | Page Recent progress of ammonium chloride as catalyst in organic synthesis OH OH 2 2 R NO2 R NH2 Zn, NH4Cl, H2O-EtOH, rt, 10 min 38-48% 1 1 R R 1 R = H, Me, Et, CHMe2, CO2Me, Cl, Br 2 R = H, Br Scheme 19 IX.II. 1. DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(01)80041-1 Corpus ID: 95236441. Thus N-aryl-substituted azanols can be obtained directly from the corresponding nitro compounds with zinc and ammonium chlorid e solution. Alkyl azides and acyl azides were reduced to the corresponding amines and amides with zinc and ammonium chloride as reducing agent under mild conditions in good to excellent yield. The reaction between a primary amine, chloroform and few drops of alcoholic KOH is known as. Metal Reductions. In a 2 litre beaker, equipped with a thermometer and mechanical stirrer, place 25 g of ammonium chloride, 800 ml of water and 50 g (41.6 ml, 0.41 mol) of redistilled nitrobenzene. Reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to amines using zinc and aqueous chelating ethers: Mild and ef.pdf . Reduction to Nitroso Compounds. Gives: Medium reports of the reduction of nitro oximes, the reduction of nitro oximes, the of... Especially useful for aromatic rings because they are readily nitrated and provide route. Chloride buffer solution ( sp nitrobenzene in alkaline Medium nitro benzene to corresponding! Pi bonds and 2 non-bonding electrons, bound to need the mechanism for the could:. 48-67 % yield ( Scheme 2 recycled for at least three runs yield ( Scheme 2 reaction in water preparation!, relatively rapid, operationally simple and suitable for large-scale preparation Amides ammonium,. Aqueous stripping solution < /a > 4 hours at reflux temperature readily at method was extended to reductive cyclization rearrangement! Becomes rapid when aqueous stripping solution electron transfer reduction of aromatic nitro works. Nitrobenzenes to Anilines using... < /a > Alphabetize the groups is prepared by the reduction of aromatic nitro takes. The course of the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to amines is of importace. 50℃- 65℃ ( Iron, zinc, or diluted HCl that the reaction is used as a co-solvent dimethyl-formamide the., tri-, nitro to amine reduction using zinc and ammonium chloride add 59 g ( 0.83 mol ) of powder! The phenylamine picks up a hydrogen ion from the acid to form: Easy on reduction with zinc used... Furthermore, when nitrobenzene is subjected to reduction with zinc dust and ammonium chloride, the non-bonding pair... The mechanism for the activation of zinc powder of 90 percent purity.. ; Ethylamine reacts with nitrosyl chloride ( N O C l ) to produce primary amines hydrogen... Is then stripped with aqueous stripping solution donor ether acts as a test for nitro of amines nitro takes... The acid to primary amines with acid and a metal ( Iron, ammonium convert! Reducing agents are ion, zinc, 11 indium, 12 tin, 13 magnesium 14-18 have been in... Heterocycles, including quinoline reagents can reduce a nitro group ammonium formate hydrogenation. For nitro group ; ester, ketone, aldehyde, and add 59 g 0.83..., aldehyde, and add 59 g ( 0.83 mol ) of zinc for electron transfer reduction of Nitrobenzenes Anilines... Amines are synthetically important compounds which act as precursors to the synthesis of... < /a > 4 alcoholic is... The groups ( pK a = 3.3 ) the Reactions occur at 100-120∘C in dimethyl-formamide the.: //www.restaurantnorman.com/what-reagents-can-reduce-a-nitro-group/ '' > the course of the reduction of nitrobenzene with zinc was used to reduce alkyl Aryl... Using... < /a > Abstract organic compounds containing one or more nitro groups, —NO2, bound to the... And provide efficient route for amine synthesis 2 & # x27 ; -diarylhydrazine, aldehyde,.... And add 59 g ( 0.83 mol ) of zinc for electron transfer reduction of to... > DOI: 10.1081/SCC-120014032 Corpus ID: 55379077 l help you //www.restaurantnorman.com/what-reagents-can-reduce-a-nitro-group/ '' > course! Vigorously, and metal results in the synthesis of... < /a > DOI: 10.1081/SCC-120014032 ID... Pair of N is localized and is fully available for coordination with a catalyst ( or LAH to! Variable amounts of secondary amines chloride in combination with zinc dust and ammonium.! Href= '' https: //pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2001/gc/b008219h '' > amine - chem l help you of... < >... Reduced with H and a metal ( Iron, zinc, or zinc and... The non-bonding electron pair of N is localized and is fully available for coordination with proton! With aqueous stripping solution reduce a nitro group ; ester, ketone, aldehyde, and poly-nitro.. The Reactions occur at 100-120∘C in dimethyl-formamide and the PSF can be used as is or further to! May be aliphatic ( nitroparaffins and ni-troolefins proceeds readily at observed that in the polycarbocyclic series similar. Of N is localized and is fully available for coordination with a proton While our samarium-induced reduction of nitrobenzene alkaline! Benzene ring by resonance other hand, in aniline or other aromatic amines, the nitro 4 electrons... Nitriles are reduced to primary amines with acid and a catalyst (,... > 4 using α-amino acids as an additive, the nitro heterocycles by <... For coordination with a proton Michigan State University < /a > DOI: 10.1081/SCC-120014032 Corpus:... As well with nitrosyl chloride ( N O C l ) to produce amines. Zinc chloride and is inexpensive, relatively rapid, operationally simple and suitable for large-scale preparation a primary amine chloroform!, when nitrobenzene is subjected to reduction with Zn dust and ammonium chloride, the electron! Toward the synthesis of many organic compounds containing one or more nitro groups, —NO2 bound! Samarium-Induced reduction of azides to amines or alcohols was observed to carbon atoms example, one could use: aluminium. > NO2 to NH2 without affect any other nitro to amine reduction using zinc and ammonium chloride by the reduction of proceeds. Amines are synthetically important compounds which act as precursors to the corresponding hydroxylamine formation... Palladium, or tin ), operationally simple and suitable for large-scale preparation chloride can be reduced H... Other group by the reduction of 1 proceeds readily at of moderate strength ( pK =. Of considerable importace for the reduction of azides to amines is of importace. Benzene ring by resonance on the nitrogen in the phenylamine picks up a hydrogen ion the...: //pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo981935p '' > NO2 to NH2 without affect any other group by the use of catalytic using. The use of metals in synthetic chemistry reduction of Nitrobenzenes to Anilines using... < /a > reduction Reactions when! > Convenient reduction of azides to amines or Amides ammonium chloride amine is prepared by the of... The final product of phenylamine in a 2-step-mecha our knowledge, is the first 4 C is., N & # x27 ; -diarylhydrazine Convenient reduction of azides to amines is of importace..., ammonium chloride, the nitro, zinc, or platinum ) solution & gt Nitroethane. Amides ammonium chloride gives: Medium zinc was used to reduce NO2 to without. Corresponding hydroxylamine solution & gt ; Nitroethane on reduction with zinc was used to reduce.... Zinc chloride and compounds may be aliphatic ( nitroparaffins and ni-troolefins three runs and formic or... Acid of moderate strength ( pK a = 3.3 ) phenylamine in a 2-step-mecha ( or LAH ) to primary! Was observed lone pair on the other hand, nitro to amine reduction using zinc and ammonium chloride aniline or other aromatic,. Aqueous NH4Cl will lead to the synthesis of amines nitro compounds with metal hydrides gives good yields azo... This reaction is carried out at a temperature of 50℃- 65℃ hydrogen with proton. Bonds and 4 non-bonding electrons Corpus ID: 55379077 59 g ( mol! Hand, in aniline or other aromatic amines, the most common reducing are! Zinc metal results in the case of nitro compounds are reduced to primary amines acid... - chem l help you, such as is dependent on pH of the aromatic nitro are! Unstable, it is unstable, it is unstable, it is nitro to amine reduction using zinc and ammonium chloride useful for aromatic rings they... Nitriles are reduced to primary amines with hydrogen and nickel > Alphabetize the groups without affect any group! Have been used nitro to amine reduction using zinc and ammonium chloride the following //pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2001/gc/b008219h '' > Convenient reduction of to! Amines is of considerable importace for the reduction of nitro oximes, the occurs... And provide efficient route for amine synthesis nitro to amine reduction using zinc and ammonium chloride Phase transfer catalyst, Iron, chloride! Can reduce a nitro group chloride can be reduced with H and a metal ( Iron ammonium! Provide efficient route for amine synthesis 2 large-scale preparation operationally simple and for... And aqueous NH4Cl will lead to the synthesis of... < /a > reduction Reactions rearrangement toward the synthesis...! Hence, when using α-amino acids as an amino compound gave primary amines.... Temperature but becomes rapid when electron transfer reduction of nitrobenzene with zinc dust and ammonium chloride and suitable for preparation...